Tar Roof Shingles: A Comprehensive Guide

Tar roof shingles, also commonly known as asphalt shingles, are a widely used roofing material due to their affordability, durability, and ease of installation. They offer a cost-effective solution for protecting your home from the elements, and come in a variety of styles and colors to complement different architectural designs. This comprehensive guide will delve into the world of tar roof shingles, exploring their various types, installation processes, maintenance requirements, and the pros and cons associated with their use.

Understanding Tar Roof Shingles: What Are They?

The term “tar roof shingles” is often used interchangeably with “asphalt shingles,” although the former is a slightly outdated term. Modern asphalt shingles are composed of a fiberglass or organic felt mat saturated with asphalt and coated with mineral granules. These granules protect the asphalt from UV degradation and provide color and texture. The asphalt acts as a waterproofing agent, while the mat provides structural support.

The evolution of asphalt shingles has seen significant improvements in their composition and performance. Originally, organic felt mats were used, but these have largely been replaced by fiberglass mats due to their superior durability and resistance to moisture absorption. This shift has resulted in shingles that last longer and require less maintenance.

Types of Tar Roof Shingles

Asphalt shingles are available in several different types, each offering unique characteristics and aesthetic appeal. Understanding these types is crucial for selecting the best option for your specific needs and budget.

3-Tab Shingles

3-tab shingles are the most basic and economical type of asphalt shingle. They are characterized by their flat, uniform appearance and distinctive three-tab design. 3-tab shingles are relatively lightweight and easy to install, making them a popular choice for budget-conscious homeowners. However, they offer less wind resistance and a shorter lifespan compared to other types of asphalt shingles.

While their initial cost is lower, 3-tab shingles typically require replacement sooner than architectural or premium shingles. Their lifespan is generally around 15-20 years, depending on the climate and installation quality. Due to their lower wind resistance, they are more susceptible to damage in areas with frequent high winds.

Architectural Shingles (Dimensional Shingles)

Architectural shingles, also known as dimensional shingles or laminated shingles, are a step up from 3-tab shingles in terms of both aesthetics and performance. They feature a multi-layered design that creates a textured, three-dimensional appearance. This gives them a more visually appealing look that resembles wood shakes or slate tiles.

Architectural shingles are generally heavier and more durable than 3-tab shingles, offering better wind resistance and a longer lifespan. They typically come with a warranty of 25-30 years or even longer, depending on the manufacturer and specific product. Their increased thickness and weight also provide better insulation, potentially reducing energy costs.

Premium Shingles

Premium shingles represent the highest tier of asphalt shingles, offering superior durability, aesthetics, and performance. These shingles are designed to mimic the look of high-end roofing materials such as slate, tile, or wood shakes, but at a more affordable price point. They often feature unique shapes, colors, and textures that add significant curb appeal to your home.

Premium shingles are typically the heaviest and most durable type of asphalt shingle, offering excellent wind resistance and a very long lifespan. They may come with a lifetime warranty and are often resistant to algae growth and impact damage. While they are the most expensive type of asphalt shingle, their long lifespan and enhanced performance can make them a worthwhile investment.

Choosing the Right Tar Roof Shingles

Selecting the right type of asphalt shingle for your roof depends on several factors, including your budget, the architectural style of your home, and the climate in your area. Consider the following factors when making your decision:

Budget

Your budget is a primary consideration when choosing asphalt shingles. 3-tab shingles are the most affordable option, while premium shingles are the most expensive. Architectural shingles offer a good balance between cost and performance. Remember to factor in the cost of installation, which can vary depending on the complexity of the roof and the labor rates in your area.

Aesthetic Appeal

The appearance of your roof can significantly impact the overall curb appeal of your home. Consider the style of your house and choose shingles that complement its design. Architectural and premium shingles offer a wider range of colors, textures, and shapes, allowing you to create a more visually appealing roof.

Climate

The climate in your area can significantly affect the lifespan of your roof. If you live in an area with frequent high winds, choose shingles with a high wind resistance rating. In hot climates, consider shingles that are reflective to help reduce energy costs. If you live in an area with frequent rainfall or snow, choose shingles that are water-resistant and durable.

Warranty

Pay attention to the warranty offered by the shingle manufacturer. A longer warranty typically indicates a higher-quality product. Be sure to read the fine print of the warranty to understand the coverage and any limitations.

Tar Roof Shingle Installation: A Step-by-Step Guide

Proper installation is crucial for ensuring the long-term performance and durability of your asphalt shingle roof. While it’s always recommended to hire a qualified roofing contractor for the job, understanding the basic installation process can help you make informed decisions and ensure that the work is done correctly. Here’s a step-by-step guide to asphalt shingle installation:

Step 1: Roof Deck Preparation

The first step in installing asphalt shingles is to prepare the roof deck. This involves inspecting the existing deck for any damage or rot and making necessary repairs. The deck should be clean, dry, and free of any debris. If the existing roof is being replaced, all old roofing materials must be removed.

Any damaged or rotten wood should be replaced before proceeding. It’s crucial to ensure that the roof deck is structurally sound to provide a solid foundation for the new shingles. Pay close attention to areas around chimneys, vents, and skylights, as these are common areas for leaks and damage.

Step 2: Installing Underlayment

Once the roof deck is prepared, the next step is to install underlayment. Underlayment is a waterproof membrane that provides an extra layer of protection against moisture infiltration. It is typically made of asphalt-saturated felt or synthetic materials. The underlayment is rolled out over the roof deck and secured with roofing nails.

Overlap each layer of underlayment by at least 2 inches, and 6 inches for horizontal overlaps. Underlayment protects the roof deck from water damage that may occur if shingles are damaged or blown off during a storm. High-quality underlayment is a critical part of a durable roofing system.

Step 3: Installing Drip Edge

Drip edge is a metal flashing that is installed along the edges of the roof to prevent water from running behind the fascia and causing damage. It is installed before the shingles are applied. Drip edge helps to direct water away from the roof structure and into the gutters.

The drip edge is typically installed along the eaves (lower edge) of the roof and along the rakes (sloped edges). It should be securely fastened to the roof deck with roofing nails. Drip edge is an important component of a well-designed roofing system and helps to protect the roof from water damage.

Step 4: Installing Starter Course

The starter course is the first row of shingles that is installed along the eaves of the roof. It is typically made of a modified version of the shingles being used for the rest of the roof. The starter course provides a seal along the eaves and helps to prevent water from getting under the shingles.

The starter course is installed with an overhang of about 1 inch beyond the drip edge. It should be securely fastened to the roof deck with roofing nails. The starter course is essential for creating a watertight seal along the eaves of the roof.

Step 5: Installing Shingles

Once the starter course is installed, the rest of the shingles can be applied. Shingles are typically installed in overlapping rows, starting at the eaves and working up towards the ridge. Each shingle is fastened to the roof deck with roofing nails. It is important to use the correct number of nails per shingle and to position them properly.

Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for proper shingle placement and nailing. Overlapping shingles correctly is critical to ensure water tightness and to prevent wind uplift. Take care to align each row of shingles properly to maintain a uniform appearance.

Step 6: Installing Ridge Caps

Ridge caps are shingles that are specifically designed to cover the ridge of the roof, where the two slopes meet. They are typically made of the same material as the rest of the shingles. Ridge caps provide a weather-tight seal along the ridge and help to protect the roof from wind and rain.

Ridge caps are installed by overlapping each cap shingle, starting at one end of the ridge and working towards the other. They are securely fastened to the roof deck with roofing nails. Proper ridge cap installation ensures a durable and watertight seal along the roof’s ridge.

Step 7: Flashing Installation

Flashing is a metal material used to seal areas where the roof meets walls, chimneys, vents, or other structures. It prevents water from penetrating the roof around these features. Common flashing locations include around chimneys, vent pipes, skylights, and where the roof meets a wall.

Proper flashing installation is critical for preventing leaks. Flashing should be carefully integrated with the shingles to create a watertight seal. Use appropriate flashing materials designed for roofing applications, such as aluminum, copper, or galvanized steel.

Maintaining Your Tar Roof Shingles

Regular maintenance can significantly extend the lifespan of your asphalt shingle roof and prevent costly repairs. Here are some tips for maintaining your roof:

Regular Inspections

Inspect your roof at least twice a year, preferably in the spring and fall. Look for signs of damage, such as cracked, missing, or curled shingles. Also, check for any signs of leaks, such as water stains on the ceiling or walls.

Early detection of damage can prevent small problems from becoming larger, more expensive issues. Pay close attention to areas around chimneys, vents, and skylights, as these are common areas for leaks.

Cleaning

Keep your roof clean by removing any debris, such as leaves, branches, and moss. These materials can trap moisture and promote the growth of algae and mold, which can damage the shingles. Use a soft brush or a leaf blower to remove debris.

Avoid using a pressure washer to clean your roof, as this can damage the shingles. If you need to remove stubborn stains, consider using a specialized roof cleaning solution.

Gutter Maintenance

Keep your gutters clean and free of debris. Clogged gutters can cause water to back up onto the roof, which can lead to leaks and water damage. Clean your gutters at least twice a year, or more often if you live in an area with heavy tree cover.

Ensure that downspouts are properly directing water away from the foundation of your home. This helps to prevent water damage to the foundation and reduces the risk of basement flooding.

Tree Trimming

Trim any trees that are overhanging your roof. Branches can rub against the shingles and cause damage. They can also drop leaves and debris onto the roof, which can trap moisture and promote the growth of algae and mold.

Regular tree trimming helps to protect your roof from physical damage and reduces the amount of debris that accumulates on the roof.

Professional Inspections

Consider having your roof professionally inspected every few years. A qualified roofing contractor can identify potential problems that you may not be able to see yourself. They can also provide recommendations for repairs and maintenance.

A professional inspection can help to ensure that your roof is in good condition and can help to extend its lifespan.

Pros and Cons of Tar Roof Shingles

Like any roofing material, asphalt shingles have their own set of advantages and disadvantages. Weighing these pros and cons can help you determine if they are the right choice for your home.

Pros

• Affordability: Asphalt shingles are one of the most affordable roofing materials available.
• Ease of Installation: They are relatively easy to install, which can help to reduce labor costs.
• Variety of Styles and Colors: Asphalt shingles are available in a wide range of styles and colors, allowing you to choose a look that complements your home’s architecture.
• Durability: They are durable and can withstand a variety of weather conditions.
• Fire Resistance: Asphalt shingles offer good fire resistance, which can help to protect your home in the event of a fire.
• Availability: Asphalt shingles are widely available, making them easy to find and purchase.

Cons

• Shorter Lifespan: Compared to some other roofing materials, asphalt shingles have a shorter lifespan.
• Environmental Impact: The production and disposal of asphalt shingles can have a negative impact on the environment.
• Susceptibility to Algae Growth: In humid climates, asphalt shingles can be susceptible to algae growth.
• Wind Resistance: Some types of asphalt shingles, such as 3-tab shingles, have lower wind resistance than other roofing materials.
• Heat Absorption: Dark-colored asphalt shingles can absorb heat, which can increase energy costs.

Common Tar Roof Shingle Problems and Solutions

Even with proper installation and maintenance, asphalt shingle roofs can experience problems over time. Here are some common issues and their potential solutions:

Cracked Shingles

Cracked shingles are often caused by exposure to extreme temperatures, UV radiation, or physical damage. Small cracks can be patched with roofing sealant, but severely cracked shingles should be replaced.

Regular inspections can help you identify cracked shingles early, before they lead to leaks or other problems.

Missing Shingles

Missing shingles are typically caused by high winds or improper installation. Replace missing shingles as soon as possible to prevent water damage. Ensure that the replacement shingles are properly sealed and nailed.

Using high-quality roofing nails and following the manufacturer’s instructions for installation can help to prevent shingles from blowing off in high winds.

Curled Shingles

Curled shingles can be a sign of aging or excessive heat exposure. Curling can compromise the roof’s ability to shed water effectively. Severely curled shingles should be replaced.

Proper ventilation in the attic can help to reduce heat buildup and prevent shingles from curling prematurely.

Algae Growth

Algae growth is a common problem in humid climates. Algae can stain the shingles and degrade their surface. Clean the affected areas with a roof cleaning solution specifically designed for removing algae.

Consider using algae-resistant shingles for new installations or replacements. These shingles contain copper or zinc granules that inhibit algae growth.

Granule Loss

Granule loss is a natural part of the aging process for asphalt shingles. As shingles age, they gradually lose granules, which can reduce their protective capabilities. Significant granule loss can indicate that the shingles are nearing the end of their lifespan and should be replaced.

While some granule loss is normal, excessive granule loss can be a sign of underlying problems. Have your roof inspected if you notice significant granule loss.

Cost Considerations for Tar Roof Shingles

The cost of asphalt shingle roofing can vary depending on several factors, including the type of shingles, the size and complexity of the roof, and the labor rates in your area. Here’s a breakdown of the cost considerations:

Material Costs

The cost of asphalt shingles varies depending on the type. 3-tab shingles are the most affordable, followed by architectural shingles, and then premium shingles. Prices can range from $1 to $5 per square foot, depending on the quality and features of the shingles.

Installation Costs

Installation costs can vary depending on the complexity of the roof and the labor rates in your area. Generally, expect to pay between $3 and $8 per square foot for installation. This includes the cost of labor, underlayment, flashing, and other necessary materials.

Removal Costs

If you are replacing an existing roof, you will also need to factor in the cost of removing the old roofing materials. Removal costs can range from $1 to $3 per square foot, depending on the type of roofing material and the complexity of the removal process.

Other Costs

Other costs to consider include permits, disposal fees, and any necessary repairs to the roof deck. Obtain multiple quotes from different roofing contractors to ensure that you are getting a fair price.

Finding a Qualified Roofing Contractor

Hiring a qualified roofing contractor is essential for ensuring that your asphalt shingle roof is installed correctly and will provide long-lasting protection. Here are some tips for finding a reputable contractor:

Check for Licensing and Insurance

Make sure that the contractor is properly licensed and insured. This will protect you from liability in case of accidents or damages during the installation process. Verify the contractor’s license and insurance coverage with the relevant authorities.

Get Multiple Quotes

Obtain quotes from at least three different roofing contractors. Compare the quotes carefully, paying attention to the scope of work, materials used, and the warranty offered.

Read Reviews and Testimonials

Check online reviews and testimonials to get an idea of the contractor’s reputation and quality of work. Look for contractors with positive reviews and a proven track record of customer satisfaction.

Ask for References

Ask the contractor for references from previous clients. Contact the references to ask about their experience with the contractor and the quality of their work.

Check the Warranty

Make sure that the contractor offers a warranty on their workmanship. A good warranty can provide peace of mind and protect you from potential problems in the future.

Conclusion

Tar roof shingles, or asphalt shingles, remain a popular and cost-effective roofing option for homeowners. Understanding the different types of shingles, the installation process, and proper maintenance techniques can help you make informed decisions and ensure the long-term performance of your roof. By carefully considering your budget, aesthetic preferences, and climate, you can choose the right asphalt shingles for your home and enjoy years of reliable protection. Regular inspections, cleaning, and prompt repairs will further extend the lifespan of your roof and prevent costly problems down the road. Always rely on qualified professionals for installation and major repairs to guarantee quality and compliance with building codes.